Learning difficulty
The legal phrase schools use when learning is much harder for a child than for most children their age. It does not mean low ability, and it is not the same as a learning disability.
Applies in England, Wales and Northern Ireland
In education law, learning difficulty is a legal test, not a diagnosis. A child has one if they find learning significantly harder than most children their age, or if a disability stops them using the facilities other children use. Meeting the test is what makes a child count as having special educational needs SEND SEND is England's word for children who need extra help to learn. The rest of the UK uses other words, and other rules. Read the full definition of SEND , which is the doorway to SEN support SEN support The everyday help a school in England puts in place for a child with special educational needs. It is based on what your child needs, not on having a diagnosis. Read the full definition of SEN support .
Because it is a test about difficulty in learning, not about intelligence, a very able autistic child Identity-first language Saying autistic child rather than child with autism. Many autistic people prefer it: being autistic is part of who they are. Read the full definition of Identity-first language can have a learning difficulty in the legal sense. It is also much broader than the health term learning disability Learning disability A health term for finding it much harder to learn and to manage everyday tasks, starting in childhood. It is not the same as a learning difficulty at school. Read the full definition of Learning disability : dyslexia, for example, is a learning difficulty but not a learning disability. The two phrases get swapped casually in meetings, so it is always fair to ask which one a professional means.
Across the UK
- additional support needs : Scotland does not use this legal phrase. The umbrella there is additional support needs, under the Additional Support for Learning Act 2004.
- additional learning needs : In Wales the umbrella since 2021 is additional learning needs (ALN), although the legal definition of ALN is still built on the phrase learning difficulty.
Related words
Where this comes from
- Children and Families Act 2014, section 20 , legislation.gov.uk (Crown copyright). Checked 2026-08-14.
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